Early Mediaeval Religious Orders
ORDER |
FOUNDED |
COMMENTS |
BENEDICTINE (BLACK MONKS) # |
6 th. CENT |
First English Monastery founded by St. Augustine ^ at Canterbury in 597 (q.v.) |
CLUNIAC ( STRICTER BENEDICTINE ) # |
910 |
Founded at Cluny , France |
CARTHUSIAN # |
1084 |
Founded by St Bruno Intro. To England in 1178 |
CISTERCIAN (WHITE MONKS) # Founded by St. Robert of Molesme |
1098 |
Intro.to England by Stephen Harding & in France by St. Bernard of Citeaux |
CANONS OF St. AUGUSTINE * (BLACK CANONS) |
c. 1100 |
A community of Priests, rather than Monks |
GILBERTINE * (The TRINITARIANS were a similar Augustinian 'spin-off' order.) |
c. 1100 |
Founded by Gilbert, a Lincoln-shire priest for both nuns & monks (separate cloisters!) |
PREMONSTRATENSIAN * (WHITE CANONS) |
1120 |
Founded by St. Norbert in 1120 A stricter branch of August-inian Canons. (from Premontre Fr.) |
FRANCISCAN (GREY FRIARS or MINORITES - Friars Minor) + |
1209 |
Founded by St. Francis of Assisi |
DOMINICAN * (BLACK FRIARS or JACOBINS) |
1215 |
The leading movers in the INQUISITION in later years. |
AUGUSTINIAN *FRIARS/HERMITS |
13 th. CENT |
|
CARMELITE (WHITE FRIARS) |
(1155) |
Founded by Bertwold -introd'd to England 13 th. CENT. |
SERVITE |
No data |
No data as yet |
CAPUCHIN (Franciscan sub-order) + |
1529 |
Known for extreme poverty & learning, they were known by their beards & hooded cloaks. |
JESUITS |
1534 |
Founded by Ignatius Loyola |
DISCALCED CARMELITE |
1562 |
|
TRAPPIST (CISTERCIAN) X # |
17 th.CENT |
|
SALESIAN |
Post 17 th.C |
Teaching Order |
ROSMINIAN |
- " - |
Teaching Order |
Other later orders include The THEATINES (f.1524), The PAULINES began meeting in c.1530's (renamed Barnabites, 1545) & the SOMASCHI, formed 1540 and became an order in 1568.
*These Orders follow the Rule of St. Augustine of Hippo (354 - 430)
#These Orders follow the Rule of St. Benedict (a.d.537) or St. Francis +
^Not to be confused with St. Augustine of Hippo (above)
Besides Monasteries there were about 130 nunneries in England (post-conquest), many of them small and poor. Two thirds were Benedictine, with 28 Cistercian, about 20 Augustinian, a couple of Cluniac, and 20 or so "double houses" of Gilbertines. Highlighted Orders are known as MENDICANT ORDERS.